Environmentalists Speak Out Against Gas Drilling

By Jacquie Simone

Ithaca is famous for its natural beauty and progressive politics. Recently, community members have been speaking out against natural gas drilling in Tompkins County, fearing it will negatively affect the environment and possibly change the identity of Ithaca itself.

(Above, L-R: Shaleshock members Ken Zeserson, Lisa
Wright and Jim Mathews oppose drilling and are trying
to spread information about hydrofracking.)

“Because of our environment, we’re not going to have a life if this happens,” said Ken Zeserson, the planning board chair for Ulysses.

Residents have an opportunity to voice their opinions regarding gas drilling, since they are now in the middle of the public comments period for the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation’s Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement. This 809-page document, released Sept. 30, explains the potential effects of hydraulic fracturing, a method in which millions of gallons of water and chemicals are pumped into the soil to release natural gas. The public hearing period, during which community members can submit comments to the DEC about the document, ends Dec. 31, an extension from the original deadline of Nov. 30.

Tompkins County is located on the Marcellus Shale, a geological formation stretching from New York to Tennessee that contains the largest natural gas reserves in the United States. The shale is about one mile underground, which previously meant that energy companies could not access the gas through conventional drilling methods. Last year, however, Gov. David Paterson signed a law allowing the shale to be tapped through two technologies called horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking.

Hydrofracking consists of forcing 2 to 9 million gallons of water mixed with sand and chemicals into the shale through a well at high pressure. This pressure fractures, or cracks, the shale and releases the gas trapped within it. About half of the fracking fluid remains in the ground, and the other half comes out of the well and must be disposed of as industrial waste. Each well can be fracked up to ten times.

Gas companies say this is the most efficient way of accessing gas reserves, but environmental and community activists have voiced their concerns about the impact on water supplies and land. The DEC stated that its preliminary tests show that hydrofracking can produce radioactive wastewater. The Ithaca-based group Toxics Targeting has reported 270 instances of contamination in the last 30 years resulting from gas drilling, based on the state’s environmental data.

“They basically explode stone and turn it into gas, and they do it with chemicals,” Zeserson said. ”It comes up later, with toxic materials from the earth that normally occur there and should stay there, like arsenic and radon. It’s a totally different type of drilling.”

In order to drill, energy companies must have property owners sign away their mineral rights through gas leases. Landowners who agree are paid, although the amounts vary from 15 dollars to hundreds of dollars per acre. At this point, over 2,500 gas leases have been signed in Tompkins County.

Zeserson is a member of Shaleshock, a grassroots organization that began in Ithaca in August 2008 to raise awareness and oppose hydrofracking. Shaleshock initially only showed DVDs about drilling and held forums, then expanded to connect with town supervisors. The group currently has an e-mail list of about 120 people and has been focusing on encouraging people to speak out against hydrofracking during the DEC’s public comments period.

“A lot of us are trying to figure out how we comment on this thing intelligently so we can get noticed, the way the DEC comes out with its recommendations and how its work is going to permeate,” said Lisa Wright, who co-founded Shaleshock with Autumn Stoscheck and other community members.

Despite criticisms from Shaleshock and other community members, drilling companies say they consider hydrofracking an efficient, environmentally sound practice. Mark Scheuerman, the manager of government and media relations for the drilling company Fortuna Energy said hydrofracking is an environmentally efficient method because it minimizes the aesthetic impact of drilling. Eight to 12 wells can be made off a single surface pad, which can range from five to 15 acres. He admitted that drilling requires 40 to 50 days of “intense industrial activity,” but after that time there will only be a small well apparatus visible. He also acknowledged that there have been several instances of hydrofracking negatively impacting the environment in other states, but he said New York’s strict regulations will prevent such problems in Tompkins County.

“We think those are isolated incidents that aren’t representative of the entire industry,” Scheureman said of the contaminations of water supplies and other related environmental impacts.

Fortuna currently owns 23,000 natural gas leases in New York and Pennsylvania and has produced 65 to 70 percent of New York’s natural gas since 2002. Sheuerman said the company has had a positive relationship with communities in Pennsylvania where they operate drills. He asserted that natural gas drilling has a positive economic impact on landowners, state and local authorities and local businesses since gas companies pay taxes and service industries often come to drilling communities.

“It’s a terrific economic development opportunity for whatever state or states are able to participate,” Scheuerman said.

Environmental activists disagree with this optimistic view and have expressed concern that drilling companies will not take measures to protect the environment and affected communities. Helen Slottje, an environmental attorney in Tompkins County, criticized the DEC for lacking strict regulations for drilling companies during a Nov. 5 public meeting at the Unitarian Universalist Church in Ithaca.

“There’s very few ‘musts’ and lots and lots of ‘shoulds’ and the like, which sort of leads to the question of, why have a Generic Environmental Impact Statement in the first place if the idea is to have standard rules and procedures for how you’re going to handle these permits, and then you decide you’re not going to have any standard rules or regulations?” Slottje said.

Scheureman said the DEC document does not provide specific enforcement measures because gas companies already must comply with state and federal laws, which regulate wastewater treatment and other areas. He said over a third of Fortuna employees are dedicated to “compliance issues,” such as landowner issues, disposal requirements and well permits.

As the DEC finalizes its regulations for hydrofracking, the gas companies and activists are trying to make their opposing views known. Scheuerman said he thinks the Generic Environmental Impact Statement process is important but has taken too long. Shaleshock and other community members, however, are trying to make the most of the public comments period and will hold a Nov. 19 rally in the Commons at 4:30 p.m., followed by a public hearing at the State Theater.

“It’s really important for people in our region to become educated about what all these issues are and how it could impact them,” Wright said.

Below: Community members gathered at Ithaca's Unitarian Universalist Church Thursday, Nov. 5 to discuss the Department of Environmental Conservation's Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement. By Jacquie Simone, The Ithacourier

Game Designers Get Chance to Score Points At Ithaca Game Jam

by Alex Palombo
(Right: Screenshot of "Paradoxical Irony," one of two games developed during the 24-hour Game Jam)

Junior Corey Jeffers said he designed his best video game his freshman year at Ithaca College. The game was called "Sadiyah Search," and delved into the complex history of the Middle East with rich graphics to match the intense plot. The game - part of the serious gaming genre - took him about three months to complete, and involved everyone on his floor. His friend down the hall did the graphics, his RA composed the synthesizer score, his roommate wrote the story and his floormates recorded the voiceovers.

"I love that game, still to this day," he said.

Jeffers and other gamers got their chance to create their own videogames at the first annual Ithaca Game Jam on Nov. 7. Hosted by the IC Game Developers Club, the event gave graphic designers, sound designers, writers and programmers 24 hours to build their interactive multiplayer dreams from scratch.

Club President Chris Hendrickson said that teams typically divide the rolls of animation, sound and programming among themselves. They start with the concept and goal of the game, and then use technology like Photoshop and 3-D animation software Maya to put together the final product.

"The whole time, you have the project building and building from different people working the whole time as hard as they can on whatever specifics there are," he said. "It's kind of amazing how it all comes together so quickly."

The Jam is based on last year's Global Game Jam, which both Jeffers and junior Ryan Giglio attended in Albany, N.Y. The Jam was hosted simultaneously worldwide, and gave teams 72 hours to create a game on the computer. Both Jeffers and Giglio are officers in the Game Developing Club at IC - Jeffers is the treasurer, Giglio is the vice president.

Hendrickson said that like the Global Game Jam, all the teams will start with the same specifications for the games, but will not end up with the same results. This year, the Ithaca Game Jam quote was "If you follow all the rules, you miss all the fun." Both teams came up with vastly different results, as Hendrickson predicted.

"Everybody is working from one limitation," he said. "But from imagination, it goes in so many different directions."

The two games that came out of the quote were called "Jimmy's Adventure" and "Paradoxical Irony." In the first game, Jimmy is supposed to break the rules that his grandmother gives him, so that he can move from level to level. The second more developed game, "Paradoxical Irony," players must use different keys to break the four basic rules of the game: players cannot walk through walls, touch fire, breath underwater, or live after being shot.

Club advisor Kim Gregson said that both teams did a huge amount of work, but had programming trouble due to the time constraints of the challenge.

"At about 2 a.m., not two hours in, both groups went 'This isn't going to work,' and had to totally reprogram how they were going to do it," she said. "But the idea was still there, and their level concepts were still there, but they realzed what they ahd started with as a basis kept them from jumping or something."

Gregson said that the Jam not only gave aspiring designers the chance to create their dream games, but also introduced designers to each other and incorporated team members outside of the classroom. In addition to participants at Ithaca College, teams called in help from other students - including a Skype to one team member who was studying abroad in Italy.

Junior Giovanni Colantonio, host if ICTV's game-centric show "Game Over," also agrees that gaming and designing games can bring people together.

"I think it's a really interesting idea to have people with the same interests to come together to create art together," he said.

Gregson argues that game design not only creates art, but useful technology to other fields as well. She cites the serious games genre as proof of this, and also extends the scientific developments of game designers to other fields. Citing the motion sensitive Wii-mote and Microsoft's Project Natal, she said that videogame technology has massive potential for other fields, including medicine. And with higher quailty graphics and games, more research into faster tecnhology will be done in all fields to keep up.

"It's bringing those things that you see in science fiction into the house," she said. "So everybody's exposed to it and you start to see it as a normal part of life. To me, that's the biggest boom to technology, research, and funding in the future. If I can use it in my house, I want to see more of it developed."

(Below: Students at Game Jam talk about the rejection of the Gaming Major at the Park School of Communications)